European Candle Manufacturers Association

When you light a candle, the heat of the flame melts the wax near the wick. This melted or liquid wax is then drawn up into the wick by capillary action. The flame’s heat vaporizes the liquid wax and it reacts with oxygen to produce water vapor and carbon dioxide (the same byproducts that humans produce when exhaling).

A well-made candle will create virtually no smoke when burning properly. Consumers often incorrectly believe their candles are sooting because of the fuel type, fragrance, colorants or additives used in the candle’s formulation. But sooting is primarily due to flame and combustion disturbances. If the wick becomes too long, or an air current disturbs the flame’s teardrop shape, small amounts of unburned carbon particles (soot) will escape from the flame as a visible wisp of smoke. Any candle will soot if the flame is disturbed. To avoid this, trim the wick to the length specified by the manufacturer (most commonly 1 cm) and be sure to place candles away from drafts, vents or air currents. If a candle continually flickers or smokes, it is not burning properly and should be extinguished. Allow the candle to cool, trim the wick, make sure the area is draft free, then re-light.

Candles are one of the most enjoyable, affordable, and readily accessible luxury items. They infuse the home with color and fragrance, and can help create a special warmth and ambiance to allow for a sense of calm and well-being.